Development of Load Frequency Control of Two Area Interconnected Network Incorporated with Distributed Energy Sources

Abstract

The frequency of power systems is highly sensitive to load changes, and the increasing integration of distributed energy sources (DESs) further complicates frequency stabilization. To address these challenges, Load Frequency Control (LFC) is implemented to maintain frequency within acceptable limits. This work proposes a grasshopper optimization algorithm based on proportional integral derivative (GOA-PID) controller designed to improve system performance amid load variations and mitigate disturbances from DESs, specifically Wave Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) and Photovoltaic (PV) systems. Three different scenarios were considered in order to test the robustness of the proposed technique. The first scenario considered different load variation, the load in Area 2 is increased by 1% at t=0 seconds, then by 6% at t=30 seconds, and finally, a 6% load increase is applied in Area 1 at t=60 seconds. The simulation result show that in area 1, and area 2 the GOA-PID performed best in terms of undershoot, overshoot and settling time with a percentage improvement of 48.52%, 4.5% and 16.95% respectively when compared with ADAPTIVE-PI. The second analysis considered the impact of wave-induced disturbances on system stability and frequency regulation, offering insights into the LFC system's robustness and responsiveness in scenarios involving renewable energy sources with variable outputs. The results obtained in area 1 shows that proposed technique outperform adaptive-PI with a percentage improvement of 16.16% and 46.73% considering the undershoot and overshoot. Finally, a disturbance was introduced to the network by incorporating PV system, the obtained results show a percentage improvement of 42.66%, 32.85% and 40.89% in terms of undershoot, overshoot and settling time when compare with other technique.