UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT AND CHALLENGES OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

The issue of out-of-school children in Kaduna State presents a significant barrier to state development, social stability, and economic progress. Despite various interventions, Kaduna State continues to record a high number of out-of-school children, with factors such as poverty, insecurity, inadequate infrastructure, and policy inconsistencies contributing to the crisis. This paper explains the concept of out-of-school children, identifying key challenges and assessing the implications for educational and socio-economic growth in Kaduna State. Using recent empirical data and case studies, it explains the effectiveness of current interventions while highlighting gaps that require urgent attention. The study advocates for a holistic approach that includes improved policy formulation and implementation, increased budgetary allocation to education, community participation, and innovative learning solutions such as digital education platforms and vocational training. It also emphasises the need for gender-sensitive policies to ensure equal educational opportunities for girls. Addressing the issue of out-of-school children in Kaduna State requires coordinated efforts from the government, civil society, and international organisations. This paper argues that a multi-sectoral strategy is necessary to mitigate the crisis and achieve the broader goal of universal basic education, ultimately fostering a more inclusive and sustainable educational system in Kaduna State.