ADVANCING EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS AND WORKFORCE READINESS: ACONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR CONTEMPORARY LABOUR MARKETS

Abstract

The transformation of contemporary labour markets, driven by rapid technological advancement, globalisation,
and evolving work structures, has intensified the demand for a workforce equipped with multidimensional
competencies. This paper provides a conceptual analysis of employability skills and workforce readiness, with
particular attention to the challenges facing developing economies such as Nigeria. Drawing on interdisciplinary
literature and integrating insights from human capital theory, social capital theory, and the capability approach,
the study examines the persistent disconnect between formal education systems and labour market expectations.
The paper identifies key gaps in existing scholarship, notably the fragmentation of employability research and the
limited integration of individual, institutional, and policy dimensions. In response, it proposes an integrated
conceptual framework that positions workforce readiness as an emergent outcome of dynamic interactions
between skill domains (technical, soft, and digital skills), education and training systems, and contextual factors
such as policy frameworks and industry partnerships. The framework advances a systems-based perspective,
moving beyond linear and individual-centric interpretations of employability. The study contributes to the
literature by synthesising diverse theoretical and empirical strands into a coherent model that captures the
complexity of employability in contemporary labour markets. It further provides policy-relevant insights,
emphasising the need for coordinated interventions across education, industry, and governance structures to
enhance workforce readiness. The paper concludes by advocating a shift from credential-based approaches to
competence-driven human capital development, particularly in contexts characterised by structural constraints
and skills mismatches.