The Function of Conjunctions Waw (و) and Fa (ف) in Abdulqadir bin Mustafa’s Poem on the Battle of Dakarawa

Abstract

This study examines the discourse functions of conjunctions wāw (و) and fā’ (ف) in Abdulkadir bin Almuṣṭafa’s 19th-century Arabic poem on the Battle of Dakarawa. Grammatical and semantic analysis reveals how their selection constructs narrative causality, temporal sequence, and ideological framing of jihad, offering insights into the poet’s historical and psychological perspective.